The Curse of Knowledge in Product Design



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You know your product best. You know every feature, how it all works, the bugs, nuances and hiccups too. You know what’s coming next in the product roadmap. You definitely know more than your customers, right?

Yup, you have the Curse of Knowledge.

The Curse of Knowledge is described in Dan and Chip Heath’s book, Made to Stick. The basic concept is that the more you know about a subject (the more you become an expert) the harder it is for you to communicate your knowledge. The more you know, the harder it becomes to understand and appreciate that others don’t know as much.

Startups are often struck by the Curse of Knowledge, specifically when it comes to product design and development.

It becomes so easy to design products based on our own expertise (in those very products) and ignore the fact that we’ve stopped designing with our customer top of mind. This is when you start to see meaningless icons and clever UIs (or just plain confusing UIs) bubble to the surface. Icons and clever UIs are easy to use when you “know everything about the product” and make the assumption that others know as much as you, and will respond the same way. Des Traynor has a great blog post about this: The Language of Interfaces. One of his key points is, “clear first, clever second.”

The Curse of Knowledge pushes us towards clever and complex, because we’re already such experts in our own products we want to take them to “the next level.” Except too often, we’re leaving customers behind.

The first step to solving the problem is to genuinely recognize that you have the Curse of Knowledge. Then keep that top of mind – and more importantly, keep your customers front and center – whenever doing any product design and development. Make sure you do usability testing with customers and non-customers (because you want to know how well non-customers on-board into becoming customers!) Make sure you test. Make sure you listen. Make sure you simplify, simplify, simplify. Make sure you talk in your customer’s voice when designing your product. Really put yourself in their shoes and brain space. The Curse of Knowledge can quickly ruin a good idea and a good product. It might not be obvious immediately, but over time, iteration after iteration, as your product gets more complex and confusing, it will lose what customers originally loved about it. And you may not even notice, or know why customers are leaving, if you don’t face the Curse head on.

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November 21, 2011 Posted in Product Management by

  • http://panoptika.wordpress.com Megann

    Great advice! Phase two is, when customers say they don’t understand your product, it’s not because they’re stupid (which, sadly, is sometimes what inventors tell us).

  • http://twitter.com/SmartSoftMarket Smart Soft Market

    This is a huge problem for young & old software companies.

    Startups run by technical founders can get over-excited by their clever technical features and forget to clearly explain what the software does or the benefits.

    Older “bloated” software gets so many extra “improvements” bolted on, it makes it hard to learn. Eric Ries has some great advice on continual deployment, he noted that no-one noticed or cared about the majority of “improvements”, so add them one-at-a-time, text and if they don’t make a significant benefit remove them.

    I love the “clear first, clever second.” quote and will recycle it frequently

  • http://diyblogger.net/about Dino Dogan

    dude…it’s like you were reading my mind when you wrote this…

    My biggest problem is knowing where I want to take the platform and being unable to do it yesterday. So, I guess in my case it’s also the curse of impatience.

    Building things takes time and we have such a grand vision that theres no way to get there yesterday. It will just take time..so I guess I must be patient.

    Thnx for listening lol

  • http://www.instigatorblog.com Benjamin Yoskovitz

    Dino – Thanks for commenting! And who knows, maybe I was reading your mind … that’d be a neat trick :)

  • http://twitter.com/buzzlair Buzzlair Voufincci

    “Then keep that top of mind – and more importantly, keep your customers front and center – whenever doing any product design and development.
    Make sure you do usability testing with customers and non-customers
    (because you want to know how well non-customers on-board into becoming
    customers!) Make sure you test. ” – you may as well, in the next post, teach us how do you do this, what kind of mechanism you have developed. what kind of systematized procedure you have setup to achieve this. 

  • http://twitter.com/buzzlair Buzzlair Voufincci

    “Then keep that top of mind – and more importantly, keep your customers front and center – whenever doing any product design and development.
    Make sure you do usability testing with customers and non-customers
    (because you want to know how well non-customers on-board into becoming
    customers!) Make sure you test. ” – you may as well, in the next post,
    teach us how do you do this, what kind of mechanism you have developed.
    what kind of systematized procedure you have setup to achieve this. 

  • http://www.instigatorblog.com Benjamin Yoskovitz

    Buzzlair – Here’s a post I wrote awhile ago that may help: http://www.instigatorblog.com/how-to-prioritize-feature-development-after-launching-an-mvp/2011/02/02/

    We just released some new features at GoInstant as well, and I’m planning to write a bit about that soon.

  • http://www.donheymann.com/writing-services/ Professional Writing Services

    Great idea and information! Thanks for sharing it.

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    Nice thinking! It really great! Thanks for sharing this post!

  • http://twitter.com/empathlabs Empath Labs – Luis

    I have found that my dyslexia has been a gift throughout the years I have worked as a UX and in digital products design and architecture, although I didn’t know I was dyslexic until a few months ago when I had it diagnosed professionally.

    My tips are:

    1. Always ask yourself WWMMD (what would my mum do?). You know she is not stupid or dumb, she’s just haven’t had the experience of playing with all the Web 2.0 websites out there to learn and transfer the UI language from one application to another. For example, in a web of buttons and radio boxes, what would be like for someone to meet ajax sliders for the first time? Asking yourself these kind of questions help you to consider whether you will just place the sliders there on the page or place them on the page AND instruct people graphically or textually to drag them or click anywhere in the slider bar to make it move to users’ desired position. 

    2. Reverse engineer your first time learning experiences and commit them to memory. Most people are keen to show the results of their learning: “you press here, then you click here, then you do this and Kapow, done!” but few actually re-visit the experience once they get to their destination. This is lost gold. 

    To cultivate an empathic mind one must concentrate on documenting (even if mentally) what startled them first, what kind of wrong little assumptions were made initially before proficiency of the UI was achieved. This is important as they tend to be very silly for the eyes of the learner-user, be it product user or the product designer, and easily discarded as “the person’s own stupidity getting on the way”.

    3. Design with organic memory in mind. When we are doing things the first time, there is a constant exchange between the short term memory (new knowledge) and the long term memory (crystallised knowledge and experience). Dyslexia affects short term memory but people with more conventional brain makeups also have difficulty keeping a lot of new stuff in the short memory and using all that information to get things done for the first time.

    When creating a new product, train yourself to see features and tasks from the perspective of three degrading pieces of information. 

    The first piece will get you started and that is what your “RAM” is going to be working hard to process, if the first piece is intuitive enough, the second and third pieces will lay comfortably in the background just waiting for their turn. When one gets to the second piece, the first is set to its way to be forgotten a little and the third to be discovered. By the time one gets to the third piece, the first bit is pushed even further to the back of the short term memory and depending on the ease of use and intuitiveness closer to be saved to your “hard drive” and become crystallised knowledge (by the way this is iterative and with the brain the picture gets clearer and better defined with use, pretty much like film photography development as the film goes from one chemical tray to another. 

    A system could possess 20 pieces of information to be processed but as long as they are intuitive, logically organised and self-contained one shouldn’t have a problem to get the interaction flowing. 

    In other words, you should aim to get your users to feel they can understand the focus piece, remember with some detail what they just did before, be reminded what they did earlier and understand what is coming next.

    All the best, 

    Luis  

  • http://www.instigatorblog.com Benjamin Yoskovitz

    Luis – Thanks for the fantastic comment. I’d say the longest one I’ve ever seen on the blog!

  • Pingback: Software Marketing Tweetables - 28 November 2011 | Smart Software Marketing

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  • http://humanautomation.wordpress.com Craig J Willis

    Good article, there are people out there that can do this, that are experts in the product and still be able to step back and look at it from a new user’s perspective.

    Interestingly one of the ‘expert’ challenges we face is from the customer. Our customers are desperate to try and test new features and provide feedback on existing ones, which we absolutely welcome. Unfortunately these same customers suffer from the very ‘expert’ paralysis you describe here and that most of my colleagues suffer from.

    Non-customers and WWMMD are great tests BUT, like everything in life, it’s all about balance, it’s about taking the feedback from all of these people and then being confident to select the best approach for your core audience.

  • http://www.instigatorblog.com Benjamin Yoskovitz

    Craig – Appreciate the comment, thanks for stopping by. I agree that customers can  be some of the trickiest people to deal with; they have lots of feedback, lots of “must-haves” and it becomes hard to prioritize and understand what’s really necessary. It’s also risky to build against customer requirements, only to leave new customers – that don’t want a “feature rich” / complex solution – behind and uninterested.

  • Janifer

    Very beneficial
    information. Thanks for informing.

Ben Yoskovitz
I'm VP Product at GoInstant.

I'm also a Founding Partner at Year One Labs, an early stage accelerator in Montreal. Previously I founded Standout Jobs (and sold it).

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