Does Multitasking Really Make You More Productive?

March 29, 2007

Can you walk and chew gum at the same time? Of course you can!

Not only that but you can also talk on your cellphone, eat lunch, hold a conversation with your friend walking beside you (who is simultaneously thumbing away like a fiend on his BlackBerry), adjust your tie and avoid oncoming pedestrians.

You’re a Master Multitasker.

And guess what? You’re not productive.

The New York Times is reporting research done by a couple of scientists that shows the detrimental affects of multitasking on productivity.

It makes sense. We’re inundated with email, phone calls and instant messages. We’re constantly connected which has many advantages; one of which is not productivity.

We’re all insanely pressed for time, working harder, working longer hours. Maybe we wouldn’t have to if we stopped multitasking as much.

Entrepreneurs are fond of using the juggler to represent their lives. “Do you know how many balls I’m juggling?”

We know this is true, we know that entrepreneurs always have a thousand things on the go.

But I would much prefer to use the biathlon to shape my thoughts on productivity and multitasking.

It’s not a well-known sport, but the biathlon goes like this — cross-country ski like a maniac from target to target, and shoot like a sniper with a rifle as quickly as you can. From Point A to Point B. Get something done with laser-focus at each stop.

You’ll never stop multitasking – it’s impossible. It’s the way we are. But, I’ve been focusing a great deal on getting things done lately and staying focused, and here’s a few recommendations:

  1. End Your Day Making a List for the Next One. At the end of a work day make a to-do list of what needs to be accomplished the following day. You never want to wake up wondering, “What was I supposed to do today?” You want to jump right into things as quickly and efficiently as possible.
  2. Listen to Loud Music. When it’s time to spend a few hours focused on something, try tuning into some loud music. I find loud music works to drown out other thoughts and helps me ignore what’s going on around me. It helps me stay focused on the task at hand. If the music is too quiet it’s just one more thing tugging at my mind.
  3. Turn Distracting Things Into Tasks. A number of things are ultra-distracting: checking email, networking/socializing (particularly online), reading blogs and catching up on the news. We do these things throughout the day, almost non-stop. Instead, turn these “endless to-dos” into actual tasks. “I’m going to spend 20 minutes clearing my backlog of email.” Or, “I’m going to get through my RSS feeds and make a list of topics to research further.” The point is to turn something that’s typically a distraction into a productive, goal-centric task.
  4. Give Yourself Time to Goof Off. No one is 100% productive all the time. It’s impossible. And you’ll find it next to impossible to stop multitasking. So don’t try to eliminate multitasking completely. Give yourself time during the day, when you’re getting a bit tired or during a snack break, to multitask like a madman. Chat online with friends, while surfing the Web, filing paperwork and organizing the photos on your computer. Multitask till your heart’s content. Just don’t try and do anything extremely important.

Multitaskers are proud of the fact that they can do a thousand things at once. But one has to wonder whether they ever finish anything, and whether the quality of their work is where it needs to be?

I’m a great multitasker, but I’d rather be a laser-focused, gun-toting biathlete with incredible speed and endurance.

Photo by cwg2007

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  • Great list, Ben.

    I've found that grouping random small stuff into an actual block of task time (Item #3) has made all those things much easier to manage.
  • I agree. It's easy to let these small tasks take up way too much time. It's also very easy for me to waste a lot of time getting ready to get busy :-) - so I think #1 is a super idea.
  • Ben, I'm wondering about your second point. To me loud music seems like it would be more distracting. The words would catch in my head and then I would be using brainpower to try to sing :smile: I will however give it a try and see. Thanks
  • Dave - I know what you mean re: loud music. I think it'll work for some, not for others - and maybe be a contentious point that gets discussed here in the comments.

    It works for me because it drowns everything else out. I usually play more upbeat music when I'm focusing on a task that requires concentration but not necessarily a lot of ultra-brain power. So let's say I'm working on a blog design - I've got the hardest part done (the framework) and now I'm implementing.

    That's a lot of attention to detail but not any heavy brain power use. To drown out the world and my other thoughts - loud music works for me. I never thought it would...but it does!
  • Ben,
    I love the loud music tip. Really really loud music is my ZEN. Like rock concert loud.

    I was hooked on loud music when I saw KISS at 12 years old. It blew my mind and my ears.

    Strange huh? Loud music is my drug of choice.

    And that's exactly how it makes me feel... like I'm on a drug.

    Today with kids at home I have to use my iPod at night, but I still get to play loud music enough during the day that my two year old knows most of the words to Crazy Train.
  • Ben,
    One more thing...
    Stephen King in his book on writing said that he does all his writing while listening to heavy metal at high volume.

    I think it works for some people by silencing your conscious mind, and allowing your sub-conscious to take over. It puts you on auto pilot.

    It's not for everybody...
    But it does work for some people.
  • On a large scale you're right and your tips are great. Even so, I'm born multitasking and don't feel happy otherwise. In GTD, David Allen is the first author--to my knowledge--to admit that some people are multitasking and, thus, work better if they shift their attention briefly.

    One reason why it works to stay multitasking is idea flow. Best ideas rarely come when you're focusing on a blank sheet for long hours. They rather come when you're engaged in something very different and your mind had the peace to work at a solution or to see in a non-related field/ action the answer it was seeking.
  • I multitask because I don't have a long attention span. On the flip side, not all single taskers are focused and productive. Where I work we recently had to let one of these guys go because he wasn't productive (among other things), and couldn't multitask at any level.
  • I don't multitask, I tend to hypertask. :)
    But these days I've taken to the motto "one at a time" say, if I'm doing a research on just social networking I do that for a while to a certain goal i.e. making a comprehensive list. Only when I'm done with that I move on. (That obviously doesn't mean that I don't have at least 10 tabs open on my browser.)
    And thank God for loud music. I recommend Sex Pistols and Rage Against the Machine for times you really need to focus. And Norah Jones type music for those times you need to think and write...
  • Steve - I'm glad I'm not the only one that listens to loud music while working. You're probably right about drowning out your conscious mind.

    gorgeoux - Thank you for the comment. I'm not anti-multitasking, but I think people do take it overboard. There's no question that staring at a blank screen for hours is pointless, you SHOULD move on, but flipping between a proposal you're writing, surfing the Web, answering email while talking on the phone is another story.

    Robert - There's no question that "single taskers" (great name btw) aren't necessarily going to be productive. I also think there's a difference between doing a lot of things in small chunks and hardcore multitasking. If you have a short attention span you work with that - you do something for 30 minutes or whatever, and switch. That's not multitasking as much as it is chunking your time effectively.

    Yu Yu - glad to have another loud music convert! *smile*
  • My wife keeps telling me that according to scientific research only women are capable of honestly multitasking. I have no idea whether you can believe the research but I know personally that whenever I "attempt" to multitask a lot of things get started but nothing ever gets finished.
  • I love the concept of people multitasking. Anyone here actually good at doing 10 different things at once? I've never had that work for me. Nothing seems to get accomplished.

    Either I'm a sequential thinker or a scatterbrain, but I've encountered very few people that are true mulitaskers. Though, those of you that can do it- what a gift!
  • Ben and Steve, tried the loud music idea yesterday. Maybe it was the wrong music but I found I worked faster. I can't tell yet whether I was more focussed, but it definitely had an effect.
  • CA
    I stopped multitasking a long time ago. I find that quality always suffers as a result of multitasking.

    I am amazed that people actually are proud of their multitaking abilities. I think multitasking is for people who do not plan their day effectively. Hence their need to perform so many tasks to meet deadlines.

    There are tasks that can done when listening to music and there are those tasks that cannot. For example, try writing an insightful post for the blog while listening to music. Can't happen! But try listening to music when performing your daily ablutions - that will work :)

    Our mind cannot focus on two different things at once. Heck, even computers do not multitask - they timeslice. But they are so fast at timeslicing that we get the impression that it is multitasking.

    Ben, when I read your post, I immediately attempted to find an article titled "Multitasking makes you look stupid". I had read this really great article but am unable to find it. Lost all my bookmarks from a computer crash. I am still hunting. :)

    Bottomline - stop multitasking, start focusing.
  • I'm right there with you on the monotasking, Ben. I never thought I would see someone recommend loud music, but it can help, for the reasons you gave and because it's like getting a shot of caffeine. My preferred choices are Rush, Hendrix, Zeppelin, and Bach.
  • You hit the right button, buddy. I,m into a lot of multitasking and finding of late that it is becoming increasingly ineffective.Like you said -cant be helped. Music is a blessing!
  • So, should there be a 'mono-tasking' idea virus?

    Yes, multi-tasking hurts my productivity too.
  • Hey this loud music thing is gaining momentum. One thing with music is you can't listen to songs that you want to sing along to because that would just defeat the purpose. And you have to think of it as background noise like your subconscious and focus on the task at hand. Not having a lot of tabs or windows and, or programs on your computer opened also helps -- just because your processor can handle it doesn't mean you should do it.
  • Ben, I like the last point. I try to force myself to be productive all of the time, and when I fail, I feel horrible and then get nothing done after that...I think some downtime makes the productive times more productive.
  • Bret - I'd be curious to see that research about women and multitasking, but somehow, it wouldn't surprise me whatsoever if they surpassed us in terms of multitasking productivity.

    Dave - I've seen the same affect - loud music = faster work. Hopefully that doesn't diminish quality, and I wouldn't say it's sustainable. You can't just listen to loud music and go gangbusters for 10 hours straight.

    CA - "timeslicing" ... very cool. I'm proud about being efficient. I used to call that multitasking, but I think it's more about getting things done quickly and well at the same time. Being able to move THROUGH things rather than AROUND them. Although sometimes there is something nice about bouncing a lot of stuff around and feeling like you're connecting all the dots.

    Rick - Music as a shot of caffeine. I love that analogy and it's true. Zeppelin and Jim are great choices. Sadly, I'm not a Rush fan (and I'm Canadian! For shame!)

    Thank you for all the comments - I'm pleasantly surprised at how many people this post has resonated with. Much appreciated!
  • Multitasking not productive, thats unfortunate as I always thought I was being very productive managing to watch tv, eat, scratch myself, read the paper and hold a conversation all at once… great timesaver.

    To add to one of your points ben, I use a system ive coined "key 6". Using a small "key 6" notepad that I can keep on me at all times every morning I write down the key 6 things I need to get accomplished that day. It gets the mind focussed. Just like filling up a bucket with big rocks first, then little ones, then sand, if you ensure you get the key 6 task completed you be suprised how many other things fall into place around it. I cross off each task once it is complete, its a pyscological boost to physically cross something off and at the end of the day I have a review to make sure I have completed all the key tasks and any others that have been done around them.
  • I used to be a serious multitasker and what I found is that my mind got tired a lot quicker than if I concentrated on one task at a time. I still jump around a bit, especially when reading people's blogs or email but if it is something I need to concentrate on I send myself an email to work on it later.

    I have come to practice mindfulness more in my life where I am aware of the act I am doing at the time. If I am washing dishes, I wash the dishes and feel the soap in my hands and the weight of the dishes. If I am working on a task I try to stay aware of the task itself and bring myself back to the task if my mind starts to think about the next task I have to do.

    There is a Chinese proverb that basically says that if you are doing one thing but thinking about another than you are half dead because you are not present doing what you are doing and certainly not present in what you are thinking about. I try and not live half dead anymore and I find my mind is a lot clearer and I tend to stay on task more.

    My one downfall is I like to have noise in the background whether it is music or the t.v. When I was in college I prefered to study in the cafeteria rather than the library because of the drone of the chatter in the background. I don't find it distracting, though I am not really listening to what is in the background I just have a need for some noise.
  • Jerry
    I love to think I am a great multi-tasker. During my music production phases I cannot concentrate on one piece I must dig into several works before I find it complete. I feel my inspiration has to come from all angles.

    Brett- I have heard this also, where and who says this?
  • Good gosh, and I was just about to offer you a stick of gum, too! :-D

    No, seriously, great post on something that's been a widely-accepted, but easily disproved concept.

    Great one, Ben!
  • GP
    As an innkeeper (aka multi-tasker) and a biathlete... this hit home...

    I definitely have the to do list subject to change at a moment's notice in this biz. :) but i'm way more productive multi-tasking and killing a coupla birds with one stone. I think I'm slackin' if I dont.

    Music yes, loud no

    GP in Montana
  • Ben
    The key with multi-tasking is knowing what tasks can be multi-tasked without a drop in quality and completion, wnd which tasks have to be mono-tasked for quality to be maintained and to be completed.

    I have work tasks that are best mono-tasked, and the majority of my household tasks (i.e chores) can be multi-tasked. Some tasks can be simultaneously-tasked, for example starting a load of laundry and then loading and starting the dishwasher.

    Knowing the right task completion approach is something that I have been learning and will continue to learn.
  • Ben - Certainly if you're cleaning the house you can easily multitask at the same time; maybe listen to a podcast for example. But trying to do more than one task that requires real focus is another story...

    Thanks for the comment!
  • Ben,
    This was a great blog post. I think for so long people thought it was such an achievement that they could multitask. Some how they thought they were being more productive, except that they usually found themselves being scattered and having trouble with follow through o the important things they were trying to accomplish. This brought up some great ideas, I blogged http://www.artofallowingmindset.com/2008/02/to-... about your interesting post and the ideas that came to mind reading it and the other comments.
  • @BZ: Thanks for stopping by, commenting and extending the conversation on your own blog...
  • No ways...i cannot keep up with all that multitasking, phone eat and talk at the same time, im sure ill mess up something ...lol
  • Rajeev
    Interesting conversation. I will explain some of my experience/perspective and try to understand your thoughts.

    I agree with - End your day by making a list for the next day. This is something I tried with a certain degree of success. Another approach I tried was to always have a bucket full of items to be done. Continuously empty the bucket in the best/fastest way you can while new items get dropped into the bucket. Due to my personal nature I found the second approach to be more suited for me. By nature I'm very unstructured so I cannot time anything. Early on I tried setting a schedule like 2 hrs for this, 3 for that and that didn't work at all since nothing was reaching it's natural conclusion. It felt like all the activities were chopped off in the middle.

    I just completed a 'project' I was working on for the last 4 years. It's a small software comp that I started and just completed the sale of it. I also tend to read a bit broadly (in terms of domains). One of the major problem I face is this - Say I'm intensely working on the software design thinking through the features etc etc. At some milestone I decide to take a break and say read Philosophy from Russell...it may take a day or less or maybe more to reach a point where I feel I have gained enough. Now when I try to go back to the software side, it takes me a lot longer to get back into the flow of things. My flow is pretty much broken. In a nutshell my productivity gets really affected. So I have a serious multitasking prob here I think. It's not just about reading, it permeates pretty much everything...If I'm intensely working on something, I cannot even think of taking a girl out for a few nice evenings 'cause I will be thrown out of gear for many days. Any thoughts /related experiences?
  • I always thought loud music would distract me from work rather than help, but i tried your suggestion #2 and it worked for me. I was able to concentrate on 1 task at a time.
  • If yoy ask me, monotasking is much better, especially because multitasking lets you do a large variety of things, but u cant be a pro at any of them, where mono Tasking lets u be the best of it.
    Therefore I think that Monotasking is better!

    Thanks for the great post !
  • HSN
    Listening to loud music does work and I think it is something that really sets the mood for you.

    I don't set a list for the next day and I think it is something that I should do.
  • Multi-task my foot
    So you say multi-tasking is doing more than one thing at a time. Okay, I'll agree with that but it all depends on what you're doing. Chewing gum and walking? I don't think that much of a task. And if you're talking about being an biathlon, you're still doing "ONE" thing at a time. You're doing different things one at a time. You do one thing and go to the next. I don't consider that multi-tasking. I consider multi-tasking is doing serveral different things at the same time and finishing them. In my opinion, it's impossible or either you're screw somthing up and not finish a darn thing. Multi-tasking doesn't work.
  • Hey this loud music thing is gaining momentum. One thing with music is you can't listen to songs that you want to sing along to because that would just defeat the purpose. And you have to think of it as background noise like your subconscious and focus on the task at hand. Not having a lot of tabs or windows and, or programs on your computer opened also helps -- just because your processor can handle it doesn't mean you should do it.
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